Informatics Publishing Limited

P. Vetrivelan ¹, Kandaswamy Arumugam ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, IN
2 Department of Bio Medical Engineering, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, IN

Abstract

The main aim of this paper is to hide the digital data or a digital image into another image using a Contourlet transform. In order to obtain Contourlet transform, the original image is divided into low and high frequency images by using Laplacian pyramid and directional filter bank. Since the datas can be hidden only on low frequency images, the high frequency is again divided into number of sub bands using directional filter bank. Hence by combining these sub bands, Contourlet coefficients can be obtained. Then by applying inverse Laplacian and inverse directional filter bank to these sub bands the reconstructed image is obtained. Thus Contourlet coefficients are found next is to watermark the resultant image, by embedding and retrieving method.
Finally, the difference and watermarked image is displayed. From this it is possible to compute PSNR and MSE values. It finds its application in secret communication systems, the robustness against noise and data rate is the most important feature, while for data authentication, imperceptibility and robustness against different processing attacks are the most significant ones.

Keywords

CT-Contourlet Transform, DWT-Discrete Wavelet Transform, LP-Laplacian Pyramid, DFB-Directional Filter Bank, PDFB-Pyramid Directional Filter Bank, VQ-Vector Quantization, PSNR-Peak to Signal Noise Ratio, MSE-Mean Square Error.

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P. Vetrivelan ¹, A. Kandaswamy ²

Affiliations
1 Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology, IN
2 Bio-Medical Engineering Department, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, IN

Abstract

This paper discuss the compression of an image using lifting scheme to implement SPIHT (set partitioning of hierarchical trees). The SPIHT algorithm uses dynamic data structure that does not make it possible for use in a hardware system. Here the implementation of SPIHT algorithm using lifting scheme in system c is done, so that it becomes suitable for implementation in FPGA. The hardware implementation is done in a XILINX XC3S500E device.

Keywords

Discrete Wavelet Transform, SPIHT, Lifting Scheme, Image Compression.

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T. Pradeep ¹, P. Vetrivelan ¹, R. Latha ¹

Affiliations
1 School of Electronics Engineering, VIT University, Chennai - 600127, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Objective: Real-time monitoring of patients is considered as the key issues in managing healthcare system. Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) is one of the wise healthcare monitoring systems holding applications in numerous fields like medical, wellness, military, sports and so forth. The correspondence standard for Wireless Body Area Networks is characterized by the IEEE 802.15.6 for the operation around the human body. In WBAN, network longevity is one noteworthy issue confronted following the constrained energy supply in body nodes. Methods: The primary goal of this work is to expand the network lifetime, so a Modified Position Aware Algorithm is actualized where the spatial coordinates and battery status of every node is shared to all the nodes inside the network by incorporating the Probabilistic Energy Aware Routing (PER) and Body Node Coordinator (BNC) is versatile in the network. Results: A simulation result demonstrates that the network lifetime is reliably improved. The placement of BNC using the Modified Position-Aware BNC Placement algorithm along with the PER protocol improves the network lifetime reliably. Application: The proposed system facilitates to intimate the patient’s critical parameters to the remote doctor in prior, this saves the diagnosis time and thus helps to save the Life.

Keywords

Patient, Body Area Networks (BAN), Body Node Coordinator (BNC), Network Longevity, Spatial Co-Ordinates.

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Thalkari Sanket Shivkumar ¹, P. Vetrivelan ¹, R. Ratheesh ², S. Sarvanan ³, Glenford Mapp ⁴

Affiliations
1 School of Electronics Engineering, VIT University, Chennai – 600127, Tamil Nadu, IN
2 School of Electronics Engineering, VIT University, Chennai – 600127, Tamil Nadu
3 RF Planning, Bharti Airtel Ltd, Chennai - 600028, Tamil Nadu, IN
4 Middlesex University, London, NW4 4BT, United Kingdom

Abstract

Capacity planning of 3G network unlike 2G is cumbersome. The 3G capacity is multi-fold. It depends on Power Utilization, Code Utilization, Iub (interface between the Radio Network Controller (RNC) and the Node B) and Channel Element (CE). The location of Node B plays a crucial role in 3G Planning. The Radio Frequency planner needs to select the best optimal location for setting up the 3G site in order to a seamless coverage to the customers. In this paper, these topics are explored in a detail manner. For this planning the Node B layout for Airtel in the densely populated Santhome area of Chennai is discussed. The basis issue is the interdependence between coverage and capacity in 3G. In 3G systems, both capacity and quality should be monitored to ensure the best network performance. Planning of new base station has been first treated with an analytical study of the cell coverage range for a specific environment and service. The accomplished results have been checked using ASSET simulation tool and Geographical Information System (GIS) tool.

Keywords

ASSET, Capacity. Coverage Prediction, Pilot Pollution, 3G

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S. Sharon Priyanka ¹, P. Vetrivelan ¹

Affiliations
1 VIT University, Chennai - 600127, Tamil Nadu, IN

Abstract

Background/Objectives: In order to achieve high reliability and throughput, cooperative communication is being used in wireless networks. This technology is an efficient approach in reducing the energy consumption. Methods/Statistical Analysis: In this sense, the Decode andForward Relay protocol is analyzed where the Physical Network Coding (PNC) with Slepian-Wolf is incorporated in the Decode and Forward Relaying (DF) protocol. The PNC with Slepian-Wolf usage reduces the energy consumption in relay communication due to the compression and reduced time slots, when compared to the traditional relay transmission schemes and also increases the coverage of the cell. Findings: The spectral efficiency is varied, PNC with Slepian-Wolf assures higher energy efficiency than the traditional scheme when the spectral efficiency is higher and when the spectral efficiency is lower, both the schemes consumes nearly the same energy. Again when the downlink rate is higher than the uplink rate, that is, in case of asymmetric traffic conditions, both traditional scheme using DF protocol and the proposed PNC with DF protocol have similar relay deployment and PNC with Slepian-Wolf shows lower energy consumption. Conclusion/Improvements: Thus, the proposed scheme shows good performance when the spectral efficiency is higher and the downlink rate is higher than the downlink rate.

Keywords

Decode andForward Relaying, LTE-A,Physical Network Coding, Relay Station

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